Cases & Developments

The American Council on Education (ACE) sent a letter (the Letter) to the U.S. House of Representatives expressing strong support for the Tax-Free Pell Grant Act (the Act). The Letter states that the Act would repeal the taxability of Pell Grants and help hundreds of thousands of low-income Pell Grant recipients access the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC). Additionally, the Act expands the AOTC and the Lifetime Learning Credit to include essential student expenses like dependent care and computers. The Letter summarizes that approximately 550,000 Pell students will be impacted by this legislation, and the Act would simplify the tax code and ensure that low-income students access a critical tax benefit.  

Memorandum Opinion Granting Plaintiffs’ Motion and Issuance of a Preliminary Injunction. Plaintiffs, the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU), National Consumer Law Center (NCLC), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Virginia Poverty Law Center, Rev. Eva Steege, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) Employee Association allege that the actions taken by defendants to formally terminate the CFPB are unconstitutional, and seek a temporary restraining order. Plaintiffs allege that following the Stop Work Order issued to the CFPB by Russel Vought, Acting Director of the CFPB on February 10, 2025, all probationary and term-limited employees were fired without cause, funding was cut off, contracts terminated, and all offices were closed and a reduction in force (RIF) was applied to everyone else in the Bureau. Plaintiffs allege both statutory and constitutional violations, as well as violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Plaintiffs allege that defendants’ actions exceed executive authority and usurp legislative authority, arguing that the CFPB can only be eliminated by Congress. Plaintiffs further allege that the Acting Director’s actions to close the agency on behalf of the President violated both the separation of powers inherent in the U.S. Constitution and the statute that created the CFPB assigned it mandatory duties. Finding in favor for plaintiffs, the Court found dozens of individual plaintiffs had Article III standing, both the employees who have had their jobs terminated abruptly but also the consumers at large, such as one plaintiff with a terminal illness who had been trying to enroll in the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program and contacted the CFPB for help. She was informed that she was entitled to forgiveness, as well as $15,000 refund of overpayments, however, after the stop work order, she was unable to follow up with any staff to determine her next steps and feared that after her demise her family would be left with her student loan debt. The former student subsequently passed away on March 15, 2025, before any resolution could be found by way of the CFPB. Ruling for plaintiffs, the Court held that plaintiffs are likely to succeed on their claims and that they would suffer irreparable harm absent immediate court intervention. As such, it issued a preliminary injunction that maintains CFPB’s existence and reinstates and preserves its contracts, work force, data, and operational capacity, and protects employees’ ability to perform statutorily required activities.