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Latest Cases & Developments
Date:
Beny v. Univ. of Mich. Bd. of Regents (E.D. Mich. Jul. 17, 2024)
Opinion and Order granting Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a tenured professor of law at the University of Michigan who is African American and has been a critic of what she perceived as inequitable practices, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University and a law school Dean after she was disciplined for repeated allegedly threatening, unprofessional, and disruptive communications to faculty and staff, suspended from teaching, and made ineligible for various benefits after she was found to have abandoned her duties and retaliated against students in response to anonymous student complaints related to her teaching. In granting summary judgment in favor of the University, the court found plaintiff’s claims all failed at the pretext stage because she did not dispute the nature of her communications, for which she had been the subject of multiple threat assessments, and failed to show that the University’s explanation for her suspension, which relied primarily on her abandonment of her class, was the result of an inappropriate attention to her actions.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Race and National Origin Discrimination | Retaliation | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Denham v. Ala. State Univ. (11th Cir. May 16, 2024) (unpub.)
Opinion affirming summary judgment in favor of the University. Plaintiff, who is a white female and a former professor of Occupational Therapy at Alabama State University, brought discrimination claims against the University after she was not hired for an Associate Dean position. The position required qualifications appropriate for the rank of associate professor, and though the successful candidate had only one year of teaching experience, the provost deemed him qualified by virtue of his clinical experience. In affirming summary judgment in favor of the University, the Eleventh Circuit found plaintiff’s assertion that she was more qualified for the position by virtue of her teaching experience insufficient to raise a question of pretext regarding the University’s explanation that it valued the successful candidate’s clinical experience and strong performance in his interview.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Race and National Origin Discrimination | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Muldrow v. City of St. Louis, Missouri (U.S. Apr. 17, 2024)
Opinion vacating the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit and remanding. Petitioner, a sergeant with the St. Louis Police Department who is female, brought a sex discrimination claim against the City of St. Louis after a new supervisor, who sometimes called her “Mrs.” instead of “Sergeant,” transferred her from a “premier position” in the Department’s Intelligence Division to “a less ‘prestigious’ and more ‘administrative’ uniformed role” and replaced her with a male who “seemed a better fit for the Division’s ‘very dangerous’ work.” Though her rank and salary remained the same, the transfer resulted in a shift to more administrative responsibilities, the loss of a take-home car, and a rotating schedule that permitted few weekends off. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the City, finding Petitioner had not shown that the transfer resulted in a “significant” change, and the Eighth Circuit affirmed, finding that she could not show that transfer resulted in a “materially significant disadvantage.” The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari “to resolve a circuit split over whether an employee challenging a transfer under Title VII must meet a heightened threshold of harm.” In vacating the judgment of the Eight Circuit, the Supreme Court found that the text of Title VII imposes no heightened injury standard and held that a transferee need only show “some harm respecting an identifiable term or condition of employment.”
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Sloan-Brown v. Meharry Med. Coll. (M.D. Tenn. Mar. 26, 2024)
Memorandum Opinion granting-in-part and denying-in-part Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a former lab coordinator at Meharry Medical College, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the College after she was terminated for alleged insubordination and unsatisfactory performance. The court granted summary judgment to the College on plaintiff’s Equal Pay Act claim after rejecting portions of two affidavits, finding affiants failed to articulate any basis for personal knowledge supporting their conclusory assertion that plaintiff and a male comparator with a different job description actually performed the same work. In denying summary judgment on her retaliation claims, the court found that although it was undisputed that her 2017 complaint with the EEOC lacked temporal proximity to her December 2019 termination, there was a material question as to whether plaintiff had made other complaints to College personnel after July 2019. Plaintiff abandoned her Title VII discrimination claim.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Faculty & Staff | Retaliation | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Erikson v. Xavier Univ. (S.D. Ohio Mar. 18, 2024)
Order denying Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss. Plaintiff, a former tenured Associate Professor of Art at Xavier University, brought (1) gender discrimination claims against the University after it terminated him for alleged sexual misconduct and (2) defamation claims against his complainant. The alleged assault took place at plaintiff’s off-campus home, the complainant was an alumna of the University who had no other connection with the University at the time, and she filed her complaint outside of the two-year statute of limitations in the University’s Harassment Code and Accountability Procedures (HCAP). In permitting his Title VII discrimination claim to proceed, the court found plaintiff had sufficiently alleged that members of his hearing panel (1) expressed moral disapproval of him as a male for having intercourse without a condom and (2) attributed an imbalance of power in the encounter based on plaintiff’s position at the University, as well as his societal status as a male. Turning to his Title IX claim, the court found plaintiff sufficiently alleged that the University erroneously terminated him under the HCAP for conduct beyond the policy’s scope and that the alleged comments about plaintiff’s status as a male were sufficient to connect procedural irregularities to potential gender bias. In permitting his defamation claim against the complainant to proceed, the court found plaintiff sufficiently alleged that her statements were made with actual malice to overcome a defense of qualified privilege.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in Employment | Tort LitigationDate:
Doe v. St. Lawrence Univ. (N.D. N.Y. Mar. 14, 2024)
Memorandum-Decision and Order granting-in-part and denying-in-part Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss. Plaintiff, a tenure-track assistant professor at St. Lawrence University, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University, alleging that the director of another program, with whom she was assigned to design a community-based learning experience, drugged and raped her, that the University had received information through social media and from an investigator at another university that her alleged assailant had been accused of sexual misconduct at two prior jobs, and that when she reported the assault the University launched a “sham” investigation before eventually hiring outside counsel to investigate. In permitting her hostile work environment claim to proceed, the court found plaintiff’s assertions that the University permitted her alleged assailant to continue to work on campus for over two months before placing him on administrative leave and that it did not issue findings regarding her report were sufficient to allege an inadequate effort to remedy the harassment. The court permitted her to proceed in her pre-assault and post-assault deliberate indifference claims, finding sufficient allegations that the University responded inadequately to (1) specific knowledge of alleged prior misconduct, and (2) plaintiff’s own report, providing insufficient supportive measures and an inadequate investigation. The court dismissed the plaintiff’s retaliation claims, finding her assertion of a “sham” investigation was insufficient to allege an adverse action absent allegations that it had any impact upon her employment status.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Employee Sexual Misconduct | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Griswold v. Drexel Univ. (E.D. Pa. Mar. 1, 2024)
Memorandum Opinion granting-in-part and denying-in-part Defendants’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a former associate professor at Drexel University College of Medicine who provided clinical instruction and care at the now-closed Hahnemann University Hospital (60%) and was the Director of a graduate program in medical and healthcare simulation (40%), brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University after her position was eliminated following closure of the hospital. Plaintiff was placed on administrative leave and barred from campus while the Public Safety Department investigated an incident that occurred a month after she filed complaints of gender discrimination, with the result that she was unable to secure another faculty role as required for her to retain her program director position. In granting summary judgment in favor of the University on her discriminatory termination claim, the court found plaintiff’s proposed comparators with dual roles who were permitted to stay were not similarly situated because one position was a deanship and the other was funded contractually by a different hospital. The court permitted plaintiff’s retaliation claim to proceed, noting that her ban from campus, which contributed to her discharge, was in close temporal proximity to her protected activity. The court also permitted her hostile environment claim to proceed, finding the survival of her retaliation claim sufficient to raise a question about intentional discrimination. Plaintiff’s claims regarding other alleged adverse employment actions were not at issue in the instant motion.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Retaliation | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Fedder v. Bloomsburg Univ. of Pa. (M.D. Pa. Feb. 13, 2024)
Memorandum Opinion denying Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. Plaintiff, a former employee in the mailroom at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania who had worked at the University for over 20 years, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University and the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education alleging that her supervisor engaged in a pattern of sexually suggestive and intimidating behavior, that after she twice complained to Human Resources and the Title IX Coordinator she faced increased harassment and was reprimanded, and that she was told she would be terminated if she did not improve the situation with him, which she asserted was constructive discharge. In permitting her discrimination claim to proceed, the court found plaintiff had plausibly alleged both a hostile work environment and circumstances suggesting she would not have been constructively discharged had she been a man. The court also permitted her retaliation claim to proceed, finding the close temporal proximity between her complaints and her only workplace discipline at the University sufficient to allege causation.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Retaliation | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Simons v. Yale Univ. (D. Conn. Jan. 17, 2024)
Order granting-in-part and denying-in-part Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a tenured professor of medicine at Yale University, brought gender discrimination and contract claims against the University and multiple officials after he was removed from his positions as section chief and center director in 2014 for sexual harassment and from his endowed professorship in 2018, allegedly in the wake of negative publicity related to the earlier harassment allegations. In denying summary judgment on plaintiff’s gender discrimination claim, the court found, first, that plaintiff raised genuine issues as to whether removal from a named chair without a reduction in salary was an adverse action; and whether allegedly removing him from the chair without additional process so long after its first sanction, allegedly to avoid renewed negative publicity, demonstrated discriminatory animus. The court also found that the latter questions were sufficient to raise a question of pretext about the University’s asserted concern to respond adequately to negative sentiment within its medical school community. The court granted summary judgment in favor of the University on his contract claim, finding that although his position as professor was tenured, his endowed chair and positions as chief and director were at-will.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Employee Sexual Misconduct | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Johnson v. Bd. of Supervisors of La. State Univ. & Agric. & Mech. Coll. (5th Cir. Jan. 8, 2024)
Opinion affirming summary judgment in favor of the University. Plaintiff, a former administrative coordinator in the Division of Animal Care at Louisiana State University, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University, alleging that (1) one of the University’s veterinarians made various inappropriate comments leading up to an incident in which he slapped her on the buttocks and (2) the University retaliated against her after she reported this harassment by temporarily assigning her to office in a storage room. In affirming summary judgment in favor of the University with respect to the incident itself, the Fifth Circuit found that the University took prompt remedial action by separating the two, directing the veterinarian to have no contact with plaintiff, and opening an investigation eleven days later. The court also affirmed the finding that there was insufficient evidence the University had notice of on-going harassing behavior to sustain pre-incident harassment claims, noting that (1) when an intern reported feeling uncomfortable as a result of the veterinarian’s questions, the behavior stopped once the University moved the intern to a new location and (2) a faculty member who was aware of the veterinarian’s inappropriate comments was not plaintiff’s supervisor and did not have disciplinary authority over the veterinarian. Finally, the court affirmed dismissal of the retaliation claim, absent evidence that pretext animated the University’s decision to separate plaintiff from the veterinarian by relocating her office to the storage room.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Race and National Origin Discrimination | Retaliation | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in Employment
NACUA Annual Conference
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