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Latest Cases & Developments
Date:
Martin v. Ohio Univ. (Ohio App. July 19, 2023)
Opinion affirming-in-part and reversing-in-part dismissal. Plaintiffs, several students and one employee of Ohio University who had received vaccine exemptions, challenged the University’s COVID-19 “Community Health Directives,” which included a mask mandate and a requirement that unvaccinated persons submit to weekly asymptomatic testing. The trial court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims for lack of standing. The Court of Appeals of Ohio reversed on plaintiffs’ claim that the Directives violated an October 2021 state statute prohibiting institutions of higher education from (1) requiring individuals to receive a vaccine without full FDA approval or (2) discriminating against individuals who had not received such a vaccine. The court found that plaintiffs had sufficiently alleged they were treated differently from those who had received vaccines that only had FDA emergency use authorization. The court, however, affirmed dismissal of their challenge of the University’s mask requirement, noting that none of the plaintiffs had applied for an exemption to that requirement.
Topics:
Campus Police, Safety, & Crisis Management | CoronavirusDate:
Hartley v. Univ. of Holy Cross (La. App. July 19, 2023)
Opinion affirming summary judgment in favor of the University. Plaintiff, a former administrator at the University of Holy Cross who is white, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University after he was not selected for an interview for a vacant faculty position and then terminated for insubordination when he refused to attend a scheduled committee meeting. In affirming summary judgment in favor of the University, the Court of Appeals of Louisiana held that plaintiff’s disparate impact claim failed because (1) he failed to identify a specific policy or employment practice at issue in his challenge and (2) three of the four candidates who were selected for interviews were also white. In holding that his retaliation claim also failed, the court found that plaintiff’s email refusing to attend a required meeting out of concern that he “would say something [he] would later regret” broke the causal link between his discrimination complaint and subsequent termination.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Race and National Origin Discrimination | RetaliationDate:
DHS Optional Alternatives to Physical Form I-9 Document Examination (July 25, 2023)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Final Rule on Optional Alternatives to Physical Document Examination associated with Employee Eligibility Verification (Form I-9). The amended regulations permit the Secretary to authorize alternative document examination procedures for employment eligibility verification. With COVID-19 flexibilities set to expire on July 31, 2023, DHS also announced the first Optional Alternative Procedure permitting employers participating in E-Verify in good standing to examine copies of Form I-9 documents and conduct a live video interaction “to ensure that they documentation reasonably appears to be genuine and related to the individual.”
Topics:
Background Checks & Employee Verification | Faculty & StaffDate:
USCIS Introduction of a New Version of Form I-9 (July 25, 2023)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Introduction of a New Version of Employment Eligibility Verification Form (Form I-9). USCIS announced a new version of Form I-9, which employers should begin using as of August 1, 2023. The updated, streamlined Form I-9 contains multiple revisions to the form and its instructions. It also contains a new box that “eligible employers must check if the employee’s Form I-9 documentation was examined under a DHS-authorized alternative procedure rather than via physical examination.”
Topics:
Background Checks & Employee Verification | Faculty & StaffDate:
Patra v. Pa. State Sys. of Higher Educ. (3rd Cir. July 19, 2023)
Opinion affirming summary judgment in favor of the defendants. Plaintiffs, two former tenure-track professors at Bloomsburg University who are married and originally from India, brought discrimination and retaliation claims against the University and multiple officials after the University, citing poor student evaluations and lack of progress in securing external research funding, denied them tenure and declined to renew their contracts. Plaintiffs alleged that the University did not provide promised relocation costs, changed their teaching assignments, and retaliated against them for filing complaints and reporting alleged inaccuracies in reported graduation rates. They also alleged that offensive comments created a hostile work environment. In affirming summary judgment in favor of the defendants, the Third Circuit held that plaintiffs’ discrimination claims failed (1) because they identified no similarly situated comparator who was treated differently and (2) because they did not show that the University’s concerns about evaluations and research were pretextual. The court also held that the offensive comments plaintiffs cited were too isolated to affect a condition of employment. Their retaliation claims similarly failed both (1) because the temporal proximity between their EEOC charges and their nonrenewal was insufficient to suggest causation and (2) because they were unable to demonstrate pretext.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Race and National Origin Discrimination | RetaliationDate:
Williams v. Ala. State Univ. (M.D. Ala. July 19, 2023)
Memorandum Opinion and Order granting Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a former Athletic Director at Alabama State University, brought Equal Pay Act and Title IX claims against the University after she left the University, and her successor was hired at a higher starting salary. Plaintiff had a master’s degree and two years of athletics administrative experience when she was hired, and her successor had a Ph.D. and ten years of experience as an Athletic Director. Plaintiff’s EPA claim failed because she was unable to show that the University’s explanation that they hoped to attract a “true executive” as her replacement was pretextual. Turning to her Title IX claim and applying Title VII’s framework, the court similarly held that plaintiff was unable to show that the higher degree and greater relevant experience were pretext for a discriminatory motive.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Kraft v. Tex. A&M Univ. (S.D. Tex. July 17, 2023)
Opinion and Order granting Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a former employee of the Transportation Services Department at Texas A&M University, brought a hostile work environment claim against the University and a former training supervisor after the training supervisor was terminated for surreptitiously placing a hidden camera in a women’s restroom. Plaintiff also alleged that the former training supervisor had made sexualized comments and stared at her inappropriately. In granting summary judgment in favor of the University, the court noted that plaintiff failed to establish (1) that the training supervisor had authority over her after her training period concluded or (2) that the University knew or should have known either of the camera or the alleged inappropriate behavior.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Employee Sexual Misconduct | Sex Discrimination | Sex Discrimination in EmploymentDate:
Maramante v. Del. Tech. Cmty. Coll. (D. Del. July 17, 2023)
Report and Recommendation granting-in-part and denying-in-part Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff, a full-time 10-month science instructor and former Science Department Chair at Delaware Technical Community College who had taken FMLA leave to care for a son with a serious medical condition, brought FMLA interference and retaliation claims against the College after it rescinded her appointment as Department Chair upon her return from leave. The College cited that plaintiff had over-delegated her duties and attempted to have the Chair of the Medical Laboratory Technician Department conduct a blood draw from her son for medical testing. In recommending that the court deny summary judgment on plaintiff’s retaliation claim, the magistrate judge found (1) a factual dispute as to when the decision to demote plaintiff was made and (2) a question of pretext raised by the fact that the other department chair, who had previously conducted blood draws for plaintiff, was not similarly investigated. Plaintiff conceded, however, that there is no evidence in the record to support her FMLA interference claim.
Topics:
Discrimination, Accommodation, & Diversity | Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) | RetaliationDate:
Bishop v. Univ. of Scranton (M.D. Pa. July 17, 2023)
Memorandum granting Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss. Plaintiff, a former tenured professor at the University of Scranton, brought constitutional, contract, and defamation claims against the University and its Provost after he was terminated in May 2022 for refusing to disclose his COVID-19 vaccination status. The court dismissed his First Amendment compelled political speech, Fourteenth Amendment privacy and bodily autonomy, and selective enforcement claims under §1983, finding that the University is not a state actor. It dismissed his claim that he was denied the procedural requirements for dismissal outlined in the Faculty Handbook, noting that it was plaintiff’s decision not to attend his termination hearing because he would be required to mask and provide a negative COVID-19 test result. It dismissed his defamation claim against the University and Provost, holding that he had insufficiently alleged that statements made during his termination hearing were published.
Topics:
Campus Police, Safety, & Crisis Management | Coronavirus
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